Polarisation — the “us versus them” mindset — is a natural part of interactions between groups of people and is not inherently negative. It is a common social phenomenon that appears in democratic debate, civic engagement, and efforts to bring about change.

It can be seen in politics, urban planning, public administration, and interpersonal relationships — among world leaders, family members, colleagues, and communities, both locally and globally.

It becomes a risk when it escalates into toxic polarisation. At that point, it undermines trust, weakens dialogue and cooperation, deepens conflict, and negatively affects democracy, public institutions, and social cohesion.

This course will help you recognise this dynamic and work with it strategically.